Self-Employment

Business Insurance Guide UK — What Cover Do You Need?

The types of business insurance available in the UK, which ones are legally required, and how to choose the right cover for your business.

Business insurance protects your livelihood — from client claims to equipment damage to legal disputes. Some cover is legally required; other types are strongly recommended or practically essential for winning clients.

Types of Business Insurance

Insurance TypeWhat It CoversRequired?
Employers’ liabilityEmployee injury/illness claimsYes (if you have employees)
Professional indemnity (PI)Claims of negligent advice/serviceOften required by clients/regulators
Public liabilityInjury/damage to third partiesNot legally, but practically essential
Product liabilityClaims from products you sellEssential for product businesses
Cyber insuranceData breaches, cyber attacksIncreasingly important
Business contentsYour equipment, stock, furnitureRecommended
Business interruptionLost income if you cannot tradeRecommended
Key personLoss of a critical person in the businessFor partnerships and businesses with key individuals
Directors’ and officers’ (D&O)Personal liability of directorsFor limited companies

Who Needs What?

By Business Type

Business TypeEssential CoverRecommended
Freelancer (service)Professional indemnityPublic liability, cyber
Sole trader (trades)Public liabilityEmployers’ liability (if staff), tools cover
Limited companyEmployers’ liability (if staff), PIPublic liability, D&O, business interruption
Retail/e-commerceProduct liability, public liabilityBusiness contents, cyber, business interruption
LandlordLandlord insuranceRent guarantee, legal expenses

By Profession

ProfessionRequired/Expected Cover
AccountantsProfessional indemnity (regulatory requirement)
IT consultantsProfessional indemnity, cyber
Builders/tradespeoplePublic liability (clients expect), employers’ liability
ConsultantsProfessional indemnity
TherapistsProfessional indemnity, public liability
PhotographersPublic liability, equipment
TutorsPublic liability, professional indemnity

Employers’ Liability Insurance

DetailRequirement
Minimum cover£5 million
Who needs itAny business with 1+ employees
IncludesTemporary staff, casual workers, apprentices
ExcludesFamily members (in some cases)
Penalty for not having itFine of up to £2,500 per day
DisplayCertificate must be displayed (or available electronically)
Typical cost£40–£200/year (low-risk office); £200–£1,000+ (trades/manual)

Professional Indemnity Insurance

DetailInfo
What it coversClaims that your advice, designs, or services caused a financial loss
Who needs itAnyone providing advice, consultancy, design, IT, or professional services
Required byFCA (financial advisers), RICS (surveyors), RIBA (architects), SRA (solicitors), many clients
Typical cover£100,000–£5 million
Typical cost (sole trader)£100–£500/year
Typical cost (small company)£300–£1,500/year

Examples of PI Claims

ScenarioClaim
IT consultant’s software crashes client systemClient claims for lost revenue
Accountant makes error in tax returnClient claims for penalties incurred
Designer’s work infringes copyrightRights holder sues for damages
Consultant gives incorrect strategic adviceClient claims for resulting losses

Public Liability Insurance

DetailInfo
What it coversInjury to a member of the public or damage to their property caused by your business
Who needs itAny business with customer/public contact
Typical cover£1 million–£10 million
Typical cost£50–£300/year (low risk); £200–£1,000+ (higher risk)

Examples of Public Liability Claims

ScenarioClaim
Customer trips in your premisesMedical costs, compensation
Plumber floods client’s kitchenRepair and damage costs
Event organiser’s structure collapsesInjury claims

Cyber Insurance

DetailInfo
What it coversData breaches, ransomware, system failure, GDPR fines
Who needs itAny business handling personal data or relying on IT systems
Typical cover£100,000–£1 million
Typical cost£150–£1,000/year
Why it’s growingCyber attacks on small businesses are increasing dramatically

Saving Money on Business Insurance

StrategyDetail
Combined policiesBundle cover types for one premium
Higher excessIncreases the amount you pay per claim
Shop aroundCompare at renewal — don’t auto-renew
Reduce riskBetter security, procedures, and record keeping
Annual paymentUsually cheaper than monthly
Trade/professional body discountsMembers often get discounted rates

Making a Business Insurance Claim

StepAction
1Notify your insurer immediately (do not wait)
2Do not admit liability — let the insurer handle it
3Document everything — photos, contracts, correspondence
4Cooperate with the insurer — provide information they request
5Keep trading — maintain your business as normally as possible

For related guidance, see our self-assessment guide and registering as self-employed.